Is Polypropylene Toxic to Humans? (2024)

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    • What is polypropylene (PP)?
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Polypropylene (PP) is usually considered safe for humans. It is considered the safest of all plastics; it is a robust heat-resistant plastic. Because of its high heat tolerance, it is unlikely to leach even when exposed to warm or hot water. It is approved for use with food and beverage storage. It can be re-used safely and used with hot beverages.

However, few studies have reported that it can leach on plastic additives and cause occupational asthma. It is less likely to contain fillers, plasticizers, and additives compared with many other plastics, but they may still be present. Unfortunately, without better disclosure from manufactures about the content of specific plastic materials, we can only speak about toxicity and safety in general terms.

  • Several safety organizations including the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) do not find PP to be carcinogenic according to its Safety Data Sheet.
  • PP is very similar to polyethylene but has higher resistance to heat, which is why it is often used for food packaging and food storage bags and containers.

Potential health effects of PP:

Eyes:

  • Contact of powder or fines with the eye may cause mechanical irritation.
  • Contact with a hot or molten material may cause severe injury, including possible blindness.

Skin:

  • Contact of powder or fines with the skin may cause mild to more serious irritation that is increased by mechanical rubbing or if the skin is dry.
  • Contact with a hot or molten material may cause severe thermal bums.

Ingestion:

  • Although unlikely, ingestion of PP may produce mild gastrointestinal irritation and disturbances.

Inhalation:

  • Inhalation of fine particles may cause respiratory irritation.
  • Fumes produced while thermal processing may cause irritation, pulmonary edema, and a possible asthma-like response.

Although PP is relatively stable and generally considered a safer plastic for food and drink, it has also been shown toleach plastic additives. In one study, pure PP resin did not leach any endocrine-disrupting chemicals, but common food containers made with PP did leach.Leaching from plastic food containers is increased with heat, duration of contact, and acidity of the food or drink. Therefore, consider how the item is being used and how you will be exposed to it. For example, a water bottle made of PP that has only brief contact with the water is less likely to leach than a container used to store hot tomato soup.

What is polypropylene (PP)?

Polypropylene (PP) is made by combining propylene monomers (a tasteless, colorless, odorless synthetic material). It has numerous different applications such as consumer packaging material, plastic hinges, waterproofing insulation, and more. It is considered a low-toxin, heat-tolerant material. This type of plastic is used for various applications related to human consumption, including straws, yogurt containers, bottles, and even medical devices.

The advantages of PP include:

  • It is readily available and relatively inexpensive.
  • It has high flexural strength because of its semi-crystalline nature.
  • It has a relatively slippery surface.
  • It is very resistant to absorbing moisture.
  • It has good chemical resistance over a wide range of bases and acids.
  • It possesses good fatigue resistance.
  • It has good impact strength.
  • It is a good electrical insulator.

The disadvantages of PP include:

  • It has a high thermal expansion coefficient (marked increase in volume with temperature increase) that limits its high-temperature applications.
  • It is susceptible to ultraviolet (UV) degradation.
  • It has poor resistance to chlorinated solvents and aromatics.
  • It is known to be difficult to paint because it has poor bonding properties.
  • It is highly flammable.
  • It is susceptible to oxidation.

Avoiding any plastic is ideal because it not only poses risk to human health but also is harmful to the environment. However, if you must use products made with PP, the risk of exposure is probably low.

Is Polypropylene Toxic to Humans? (2)

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References

Carcinogenic Effects of Exposure to Propylene Oxide: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/89-111/default.html

Is Polypropylene Toxic to Humans? (2024)

FAQs

Is polypropylene toxic to humans? ›

Polypropylene (PP) is usually considered safe for humans. It is considered the safest of all plastics; it is a robust heat-resistant plastic. Because of its high heat tolerance, it is unlikely to leach even when exposed to warm or hot water. It is approved for use with food and beverage storage.

Is polypropylene safe for the body? ›

Polypropylene is generally considered safe for use, but you should still be wary of using plastics more often than you have to. The chemicals found in plastic products are proven to contribute to some cancers. While it's nearly impossible to avoid all plastic products, you can use as little plastic as possible.

Is polyethylene toxic to humans? ›

Polyethylene is toxic if its components leak into beverages and products that could cause health risks. Polyethylene may be toxic through different manipulations of the plastic [2]: With the use of the final plastic products. During the manufacturing stage of the plastics.

Why is polypropylene important to humans? ›

Polypropylene is widely used in polymer materials in the plastic manufacturing industry to produce various end products, especially plastic packaging. The use of polypropylene in the packaging industry is found to be 16% of the worldwide plastic materials (Alsabri et al., 2021).

Is 100% polypropylene safe? ›

Polypropylene, which is derived from petroleum, is considered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to be a safer choice than some other types of plastics. It's not known to cause cancer in humans, and it's less flammable in fabrics than wool.

Is polypropylene toxic to kids? ›

One of the safest forms of plastics for children is polypropylene. Polypropylene is heat resistant and does not leach smell or toxins out even when exposed to warm or hot water. Look for 100% PVC-free labeled toys as it is the best way to guarantee that the plastic does not contain potentially dangerous phthalates.

Is polypropylene safe for the skin? ›

Although polypropylene is perfectly safe for direct and indirect skin contact, it is not certified as such.

Is polypropylene FDA approved? ›

Polypropylene (PP)

On top of being one of the FDA approved food contact materials, it's microwave safe and nonvolatile, meaning it will not react with any type of food you store in it, whether it's acidic, basic or liquid.

Is polypropylene safe to inhale? ›

Inhalation: Inhalation of fine particles may cause respiratory irritation. Fumes produced while thermal processing may cause irritation, pulmonary edema and a possible asthma-like response.

Is polypropylene an endocrine disruptor? ›

While polypropylene is relatively stable, and it is generally considered a safer plastic for food and drink, it has also been shown to leach plastic additives. In one study, pure polypropylene resin did not leach any endocrine disrupting chemicals but common food containers made with polypropylene did leach.

Is polyethylene toxic to breathe? ›

Chemical: Inhalation of process fumes and vapors may cause soreness in the nose and throat and coughing. Toxicological: This material is considered essentially inert and non-toxic.

Is polyurethane toxic to humans? ›

This leads to a frequently asked question; do polyurethane products that come into contact with humans present any kind of health risk? The short answer is that no, polyurethane is not toxic. It is actually a safe and sustainable option when compared to many alternative materials.

Does polypropylene degrade in the body? ›

Polypropylene has been reported to degrade while in the human body as implantable mesh devices. The degraded material forms a tree bark-like layer at the surface of mesh fibers.

What are the disadvantages of polypropylene? ›

Polypropylene disadvantages

Other recycling or re-conditioning methods must be considered, at a significantly higher cost. This low melting point also means that polypropylene is highly flammable and limited in its ability to withstand higher temperatures and it is also susceptible to UV degradation and oxidation.

What are 3 interesting facts about polypropylene? ›

un-BOO-lievable Facts About Polypropylene
  • The Polypropylene hom*opolymer family is the most widely utilized general-purpose grade. It has the highest mechanical and thermal properties.
  • The Polypropylene Copolymer family is further divided into random copolymers and block copolymers.
Oct 11, 2022

Should I avoid polypropylene rugs? ›

💡KEY TAKEAWAY: Polypropylene rugs are a great choice for households looking for durable, stain-resistant, and affordable options. The allegations surrounding their safety and supposed toxicity are unfounded, and scientific tests have proven that they are perfectly safe for household use.

Does polypropylene leach BPA? ›

Polypropylene is considered a non-toxic plastic and does not contain Bisphenol A (BPA) or phthalates, which are known to pose health risks. This makes it a preferred choice for food applications, as it does not introduce harmful chemicals into the food.

What are the hazards of polypropylene plastic? ›

Dust from this product may cause irritation to the respiratory tract. Symptoms/Injuries After Skin Contact: Not expected to be a primary route of exposure. Risk of thermal burns on contact with molten product. Prolonged contact with large amounts of dust may cause mechanical irritation.

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