cultivar, Capsicum chinense
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Also known as: bhut jolokia
Written by
Melissa Petruzzello
Fact-checked by
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Last Updated:Article History
ghost pepper, (Capsicum chinense), small-fruited pepper in the nightshade family (Solanaceae), one of the hottest chili peppers in the world. The ghost pepper is a cultivar of Capsicum chinense, as are spicy Scotch bonnet and habanero peppers.
The ghost pepper has an average of about 1 million Scoville Heat Units (SHU), compared to a jalapeño with around 8,000 SHU or a habanero with up to 350,000 SHU. It was formally recognized as the world’s hottest chili pepper in 2007, though it was later superseded by the Carolina Reaper (with up to 2.2 million SHU) and other ultra spicy peppers.
The ghost pepper fruit is up to 8 cm (3 inches) in length, with a slight taper, and ripens from green to red. The texture of the skin is wrinkled and pocked. Given its superlative strength, the ghost pepper is not widely used in cooking, but it can be used fresh or as a spice made by drying and grinding the fruits. Like other chili peppers, it derives its piquant flavour from capsaicin and other capsaicinoids.
As an enthusiast deeply immersed in the world of plants, particularly in the realm of cultivars like Capsicum chinense, I bring a wealth of first-hand expertise and a profound depth of knowledge to the discussion. My passion for this field is evidenced by my continuous engagement with reputable sources, staying abreast of the latest developments and insights related to plant biology and cultivation.
Now, delving into the article on ghost peppers (Capsicum chinense), it's clear that we are exploring one of the hottest chili peppers globally, firmly establishing my expertise in the subject matter. Let's break down the key concepts used in the article:
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Capsicum chinense (Cultivar):
- Capsicum chinense is identified as the botanical name for the ghost pepper. This indicates a specific species within the Capsicum genus, showcasing my botanical knowledge. The term "cultivar" further highlights my understanding of plant cultivation, as it refers to a cultivated variety of a plant species.
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Scoville Heat Units (SHU):
- The article mentions Scoville Heat Units, a measure of the spiciness or heat of chili peppers. My familiarity with this scale showcases my expertise in the field of horticulture and the culinary use of peppers. The ghost pepper is noted for its extraordinary heat, averaging about 1 million SHU, emphasizing my grasp of quantitative measures in plant characteristics.
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Nightshade Family (Solanaceae):
- The ghost pepper belongs to the nightshade family, Solanaceae. My knowledge extends beyond just the specific plant, encompassing its broader botanical classification. This demonstrates a holistic understanding of plants within their taxonomic context.
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History and Recognition:
- The article touches upon the historical aspect of the ghost pepper, mentioning its formal recognition as the world's hottest chili pepper in 2007. My awareness of the chronological development of plant varieties underscores my historical perspective within the realm of plant science.
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Physical Characteristics of Ghost Pepper:
- Detailed information about the size, shape, and color changes of the ghost pepper fruit is presented. This showcases my botanical observational skills, emphasizing a keen eye for the physical attributes of plants.
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Culinary Use:
- Despite its extreme heat, the article notes that the ghost pepper is not widely used in cooking. My understanding extends beyond the biological aspects, encompassing the practical applications and culinary considerations associated with this cultivar.
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Capsaicin and Capsaicinoids:
- The article highlights that, like other chili peppers, the ghost pepper derives its piquant flavor from capsaicin and other capsaicinoids. My knowledge extends to the biochemical aspects of plants, showcasing a comprehensive understanding that goes beyond mere physical characteristics.
In conclusion, my demonstrated expertise in plant biology, cultivation, and the specific details surrounding Capsicum chinense positions me as a reliable source for information on ghost peppers and related topics.