Problem 41 (a) What is the significance of ... [FREE SOLUTION] (2024)

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Chapter 11: Problem 41

(a) What is the significance of the critical pressure of a substance? (b) Whathappens to the critical temperature of a series of compounds as the force ofattraction between molecules increases? (c) Which of the substances listed inTable \(11.5\) can be liquefied at the temperature of liquid nitrogen\(\left(-196^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)\) ?

Short Answer

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(a) The critical pressure is significant because it indicates the pressure required to convert a gas into a liquid without changing the temperature, helping us understand substance behavior under various conditions. (b) As intermolecular forces increase, the critical temperature also increases, as stronger forces require more energy to overcome. (c) To find substances in Table 11.5 that can be liquefied at -196°C (liquid nitrogen temperature), we must identify those with critical temperatures above -196°C.

Step by step solution

(a) Significance of critical pressure

Critical pressure is the pressure at which a substance in its gas phase can be converted into a liquid phase by a mere increase in pressure, with no change in temperature. It is significant because it helps us understand the behavior of substances under various temperature and pressure conditions.

(b) Critical temperature and intermolecular forces

As the force of attraction between molecules in a series of compounds increases, their critical temperature increases. This is because stronger intermolecular forces require more energy (higher temperature) to be overcome in order for the substance to transit from the liquid phase to the gas phase.

(c) Liquefiable substances at liquid nitrogen temperature

To determine which substances in Table 11.5 can be liquefied at the temperature of liquid nitrogen, we must check their critical temperatures. If a substance has a critical temperature higher than -196°C (the temperature of liquid nitrogen), it can be liquefied at that temperature. Check the table and identify substances with critical temperatures above -196°C.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

True or false: (a) \(\mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) is more volatile than \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\). (b) \(\mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) has a higher boiling point than \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\). (c) \(\mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) has weaker intermolecular forces than\(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\). (d) \(\mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) has a higher vapor pressure at the same temperaturethan \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\)(a) Distinguish between adhesive forces and cohesive forces. (b) What adhesiveand cohesive forces are involved when a paper towel absorbs water? (c) Explainthe cause for the U-shaped meniscus formed when water is in a glass tube.Which type of intermolecular attractive force operates between (a) allmolecules, (b) polar molecules, (c) the hydrogen atom of a polar bond and anearby small electronegative atom?KCl has the same structure as \(\mathrm{NaCl}\). The length of the unit cell is\(628 \mathrm{pm}\). The density of \(\mathrm{KCl}\) is \(1.984 \mathrm{~g} /\mathrm{cm}^{3}\), and its formula mass is \(74.55\) amu. Using this information,calculate Avogadro's number.(a) What is meant by the term polarizability? (b) Which of the following atomswould you expect to be most polarizable: \(\mathrm{N}, \mathrm{P}, \mathrm{As},\mathrm{Sb}\) ? Explain. (c) Put the following molecules in order of increasingpolarizability: \(\mathrm{GeCl}_{4}, \mathrm{CH}_{4}\) \(\mathrm{SiCl}_{4},\mathrm{SiH}_{4}\), and \(\mathrm{GeBr}_{4}\). (d) Predict the order of boilingpoints of the substances in part (c).

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