An MSG headache is a headache that occurs after eating foods containing the common food additive monosodium glutamate (MSG). This symptom is part of what's called MSG symptom complex, a broader set of symptoms that can occur with MSG consumption that includes sweating, facial pressure, and flushing.
Symptoms
Most people with an MSG-related headache describe a tightening or even burning head sensation. People will also commonly notice muscle tenderness around their skull.
In people with a history of migraines, MSG triggers a migraine—in this instance, people usually report a classic throbbing or pulsating headache.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium salt of amino acid found naturally in our bodies called glutamic acid. Found naturally in many foods, like cheese and tomatoes, MSG can also be produced through the fermentation of starch, sugar, or molasses, and added to foods.
An MSG-induced headache typically develops within 1 hour of consuming MSG and resolves within 72 hours of MSG consumption. Also, an MSG-induced headache has at least one of the following five characteristics:
- Bilateral (i.e., both sides of the head)
- Mild to moderate intensity
- Pulsating quality (i.e., throbbing)—like a migraine
- Associated with other symptoms including facial flushing, chest and face pressure, burning feeling in the neck, shoulder, and/or chest, dizziness, and stomach discomfort.
- Aggravated by physical activity
The mechanism behind MSG-induced headaches is not fully understood. MSG is an excitatory amino acid that binds to MNDA receptions in the brain. This activation leads to the release of nitric oxide, which then leads to the dilation or widening of blood vessels around the skull.
A study published in the journal Cephalalgia also found that people who consumed a high amount of MSG—such as a sugar-free soda containing 150mg/kg of MSG—had an increase in their blood pressure, although this was temporary. Chronic daily intake of high doses of MSG may also cause fatigue.
Prevention
For people who are sensitive to MSG, the only treatment is to avoid foods containing MSG. Foods that commonly contain added MSG are soy sauce, canned vegetables, soups, and processed meats.
Though generally regarded as safe by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration, added MSG must be listed in the ingredients list on food packaging. Look for these terms:
- Monosodium glutamate or MSG
- Hydrolyzed fat
- Hydrolyzed protein
- All-natural preservatives
Treatment
MSG-induced symptoms are typically not severe and subside on their own entirely within 72 hours. However, if your symptoms do not appear to resolve or continue worsening after 48 hours, speak to your healthcare provider, as it may be something more serious.
To help symptoms subside faster, drink only water, and a lot of it—at least half of your body weight in ounces. For example, if you weigh 150 pounds, drink at least 75 ounces of water. Adequate hydration will help your kidneys to process MSG and flush it from your system.
In addition, limit sodium intake until symptoms dissipate. Sodium promotes water retention and will make it harder for your body to release the MSG through urination.
A Word From Verywell
If you suspect MSG is a headache or migraine trigger for you, avoiding it is probably your best bet. Unlike other food sensitivities, it is unlikely that you can build up a tolerance for MSG. The best way to avoid MSG is to read food labels and inquire at restaurants if MSG has been added to any foods.
Keeping a diary of your headache symptoms and possible triggers can help you and your healthcare provider to pinpoint the causes of your headaches and develop the right treatment plan for you.
4 Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013;33(9):629-808. doi:10.1177/0333102413485658
Baad-hansen L, Cairns B, Ernberg M, Svensson P. Effect of systemic monosodium glutamate (MSG) on headache and pericranial muscle sensitivity. Cephalalgia. 2010;30(1):68-76. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2009.01881.x
Questions and answers on monosodium glutamate (MSG). US Food & Drug Administration. 2012.
Popkin BM, D'anci KE, Rosenberg IH. Water, hydration, and health. Nutr Rev. 2010;68(8):439-58. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00304.x
Additional Reading
Baad-Hansen L, Cairns B, Ernberg M, Svensson P. Effect of systemic monosodium glutamate (MSG) on headache and pericranial muscle sensitivity. Cephalalgia. 2010 Jan;30(1):68-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2009.01881.x.
Cleveland Clinic. Foods That Trigger Headaches. my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/9648-headaches-and-food
Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 3rd Edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013;33(9):629-808. doi: 10.1177/0333102413485658
Mayo Clinic. What Is MSG? Is It Bad For You? www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/monosodium-glutamate/faq-20058196
National Headache Foundation. Monosodium Glutamate (MSG). headaches.org/2007/10/25/monosodium-glutamate-msg/
National Headache Institute. MSG and Headaches: What Is the Relationship? nationalheadacheinstitute.com/blog/msg-and-headaches-relationship/
Shimada A, Cairns BE, Vad N, et al. Headache and mechanical sensitization of human pericranial muscles after repeated intake of monosodium glutamate (MSG). J Headache Pain. 2013;14:2. doi: 10.1186/1129-2377-14-2.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Questions and Answers on Monosodium glutamate (MSG). www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/questions-and-answers-monosodium-glutamate-msg
By Colleen Doherty, MD
Colleen Doherty, MD, is a board-certified internist living with multiple sclerosis.
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