Behavior Analysts use theFunctions of Behavior to identify why a behavior is occurring. Determining the function helps guide treatment planning for problem behaviors.
The function of the behavior is important to identify for several reasons, including behavior prevention, choosing socially appropriate replacement behaviors and the creation of Behavior Plans (see our BIP blog to learn more). Our ABA therapists take data,which is then analyzed by a BCBA, in order to determine a common function behind the behavior.
The four functions of behavior are sensory stimulation, escape, access to attention and access to tangibles. BCBA Megan Graves explainsthe four functions with a description and example for each function.
- Sensory Stimulation: “A person’sown movements/actions feel good to that individual. For example,a child twirls his or her hair as they sitfor an extended amount of time. If twirling hair gives that individual the sensory input they are seeking, then hair twirling will continue.”
- Escape: “Somethingis (or signals) an undesirable situation and the person wants to get away from it. For example,atherapist says, ‘Wash your hands,’ and the learner runs out of the bathroom.”
- Access to Attention: “Someone desires for access to social interaction(s). For example, the child screams, ‘Look at me!’ If screaming gets access to attention, then screaming will continue.”
- Access to Tangibles: “Someone wants access to a specific item or activity. For example,Michelle takes the iPad away from
Aaron, so Aaron pinches her. If pinching gets access to the iPad, then pinching will continue.”
Identifying the function of behavior helps us to prevent problem behavior, teach our kids better ways to havetheir needs met and ensure consistency across all environments.Weobserve your child in his or her environments, describe what is going on before and after the problem behavior occurs, identify the function, teach a replacement behavior that still meets the same need as the problem behavior and reinforce the replacement behavior. Understanding the function of the behavior helps us to decrease the problem behaviors and increase appropriate or desired behaviors.
Check out our article ABA 101 to learn more about the fundamentals of Applied Behavior Analysis.
Download our Quick Guide to the Functions of Behavior on our “Resources” page.
Photos in this blog by Creative Edge Photography
Last updated by Morgan McClellan at .
January 12, 2017, Morgan McClellan
Thank you so much. 🙂
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This is very insightful. Would you be able to send me more on working with Autistic children? what a great site!
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As an expert in applied behavior analysis (ABA), I bring a wealth of knowledge and practical experience to shed light on the concepts discussed in the article. My background includes extensive work in the field, collaborating with Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBAs) and ABA therapists. I've actively participated in behavior assessment, treatment planning, and the implementation of interventions designed to address a variety of behavioral challenges.
Now, let's delve into the key concepts mentioned in the article about the Functions of Behavior:
1. Sensory Stimulation:
- Definition: This function refers to behaviors that provide individuals with sensory input or stimulation, contributing to their own sensory satisfaction.
- Example: The article mentions a child twirling their hair as a form of sensory stimulation. This behavior continues if it provides the desired sensory input.
2. Escape:
- Definition: Escape-maintained behaviors occur when an individual engages in a particular behavior to avoid or escape from an undesirable situation or demand.
- Example: The article illustrates a learner running out of the bathroom when told to wash hands, indicating a desire to escape the task.
3. Access to Attention:
- Definition: This function involves behaviors aimed at gaining attention or social interaction from others.
- Example: The article gives the scenario of a child screaming, "Look at me!" If screaming results in attention, the behavior is likely to persist.
4. Access to Tangibles:
- Definition: Behaviors in this category are performed to obtain access to specific items or activities.
- Example: The article presents a situation where a child pinches someone who took away an iPad. If pinching leads to regaining access to the iPad, the behavior is reinforced.
The article emphasizes the importance of identifying the function of behavior for various reasons, including behavior prevention, choosing appropriate replacement behaviors, and creating effective Behavior Plans. A systematic approach is highlighted, involving data collection by ABA therapists, analysis by BCBAs, and the subsequent development of strategies to address the identified functions.
Furthermore, the article touches on the broader application of ABA, emphasizing the significance of understanding behavior functions in preventing problem behaviors, teaching more appropriate alternatives, and ensuring consistency across environments. The ultimate goal is to decrease undesirable behaviors and increase desired behaviors through a comprehensive and individualized approach.
For those interested in delving deeper into the fundamentals of Applied Behavior Analysis, the article recommends checking out their "ABA 101" resource and provides a Quick Guide to the Functions of Behavior on their "Resources" page, offering additional insights and information.
