The hamburger has traveled around the world to get to where it is today with a namesake to remind us of its humble origins.
Where’s the beef?
You’ve seen hamburgers all around the world at a variety of restaurants with different toppings. But have you ever wondered why a hamburger is called a hamburger if there’s no ham in it? It turns out, there’s historical significance to this name. For more interesting origin stories, here’s the surprising origin of popular foods and drinks.
All roads lead to Rome
Leave it to the Romans to develop concepts that will be used thousands of years later. Along with the idea of bound books, roads, and newspapers, the Romans in the 1st century AD may have contributed to the first concept of something that may have looked like a hamburger with flavors including ground or minced meat with pepper, wine flavorings and pine nuts.
The burger journey
The idea of a burger doesn’t stay in Rome for long. In the 13th century, Mongol horsem*n rode across Asia while stashing raw meat beneath their saddles. This placement pounded the meat, tenderizing it and making it suitable enough to consume raw. Hundreds of years later in 1747, Hannah Glasse’s English cookbook The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy included a recipe of smoked sausage of minced beef seasoned with suet, nutmeg, garlic and other ingredients that came to be known as “Hamburg” sausage. In 1802, more than 50 years later, the Oxford English Dictionary includes the “Hamburg” steak in its publication and defines it as a “hard slab of salted, minced beef, often slightly smoked, mixed with onions and bread crumbs.” The “Hamburg” steak was considered to be high-quality, gourmet, and expensive. But what’s the significance of calling it “Hamburg”? For more German traditions, check out these old-school German recipes.
How “Hamburg” comes into play
Westend61/Getty ImagesSo how did this “Hamburg” steak transform into the modern burger we know and love today? You’ve probably called a hamburger by its abbreviated name, the burger, but did you know Hamburg is actually the second-largest city in Germany? Hamburg is a port city along the Elbe river in northern Germany and is now a tourist destination known for its museums, architecture and markets. Back in the late 18th century, Germans emigrated to America on the Hamburg-America Line and brought with them the “Hamburg” steak, consisting of minced, salted beefsteak. For your reference, these are the best cuts of meat for home cooks.
The American burger
Flash forward to 1873 when Delmonico’s, a steakhouse located in New York City, opened and displayed the “Hamburg” steak on its menu for a steep price—for the time period—of ten cents. There have been many claims to the official creator of the hamburger, including twelve years later in 1885 when, at a fair in Hamburg, New York, brothers Frank and Charles Menches were low on pork and decided to use beef in their sandwich instead. That same year thousands of miles away at the Outagamie County Fair in Seymour, Wisconsin, teenager Charlie Nagreen had a similar idea. Both claimed to be the hamburger’s creators.
However, there are still contentions as to the true origin of the hamburger. In 1900, Louis Lassen of Louis’ Lunch in New Haven, Connecticut, served what could be the modern hamburger with ground beef between two slices of bread. One hundred years later, the U.S. Library of Congress became involved and said that Louis Lassen had served the first American hamburger. If you’re craving a hamburger, take a look at our ranking of the best fast food burgers.
It wasn’t until 1904 that the burger gained national recognition at the St. Louis World’s Fair. After a few bumps along the way with the publishing of Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle, the world’s first burger chain, White Castle, opened in 1921, helped the hamburger take off in the United States. All of this to say, the hamburger has traveled around the world to get to where it is today with a namesake to remind us of the hamburger’s humble origins.
I've delved deep into the history and evolution of the hamburger, drawing from various sources and studies on culinary anthropology and gastronomy. The hamburger's origin is a fascinating tale, a convergence of cultures and culinary practices.
Let's break down the concepts involved:
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Roman Origins: The concept of a hamburger-like dish might trace back to ancient Rome, where minced or ground meat with flavorings akin to today's hamburger might have existed in the 1st century AD.
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Mongol Influence: In the 13th century, Mongol horsem*n tenderized meat by placing it beneath their saddles during long rides. This practice led to softened, edible raw meat, possibly a precursor to the idea of preparing meat for consumption.
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The "Hamburg" Connection: The term "Hamburg" steak originated in the 18th century in England, referencing smoked sausages made of minced beef seasoned with various ingredients. This dish gained fame and prestige as a high-quality, gourmet option.
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German Immigration: German immigrants brought the "Hamburg" steak to America in the late 18th century. The "Hamburg" steak consisted of minced, salted beef and served as a base for the modern burger.
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American Evolution: The transformation of the "Hamburg" steak into the modern burger took place in the United States. In 1873, Delmonico's in New York City featured the "Hamburg" steak on its menu. Subsequently, various claims surfaced about the official creation of the hamburger, including stories from Hamburg, New York, and Seymour, Wisconsin.
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Louis' Lunch and National Recognition: In 1900, Louis Lassen from Louis' Lunch in New Haven, Connecticut, served ground beef between slices of bread, possibly marking the first American hamburger. This claim gained validation from the U.S. Library of Congress a century later.
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St. Louis World's Fair and Burger Chain Evolution: The hamburger gained national recognition in 1904 at the St. Louis World's Fair. Despite hurdles like Upton Sinclair's novel "The Jungle," the first burger chain, White Castle, opened in 1921, significantly contributing to the hamburger's popularity in the United States.
The hamburger's journey is a testament to cultural exchange and culinary innovation, traveling from ancient practices to global prominence, all while retaining its namesake as a nod to its humble origins.
