Tilapia | alimentarium (2024)

The tilapia is a warm freshwater fish, but some species adapt very well to living in the sea. Originally from Africa, it was acclimatised in Asia, America and Europe during the second half of the 20th century. It has a short body covered in small scales and a long dorsal fin. It has been successfully farmed in tropical regions because it is hardy, breeds well and grows quickly.

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Resistant to difficult farming conditions

Tilapia has been successfully farmed in tropical regions as it is hardy and can withstand intensive farming (high population density). It breeds easily, is resistant to disease, withstands handling and grows quickly. It can be reared in earthen ponds, concrete tanks or in cages.

Tilapia is the second most farmed fish in the world after carp and ahead of salmon. China is the main producer, with 1.8 million tonnes in 2015.

The most frequently used species in aquaculture are the Nile, Mozambique and Aureus tilapia. They have small stomachs and are fed up to four times a day with small quantities of mostly agricultural by-products (oil cakes made from oil-producing plants, cotton or corn), organic fertiliser (liquid manure) and granules. The fingerlings need more protein than the adults and receive additional animal by-products (meat meal, blood meal, fish meal and fish oil) and vitamins.

© Shutterstock / konmesa - Tilapia farming in Thailand


Mature females can lay eggs every three to four months (from the 12thweek in the case of the Nile tilapia). They lay their eggs in nests made by the males, then carry the fertilised eggs in their mouths until they hatch. They then keep the fingerlings close by until they are big and strong enough (10millimetres). To boost reproduction, one male fertilises three females. Water temperature is also scrupulously monitored, as tilapia only breed at a minimum temperature of 22°C. Large fingerlings are separated from smaller ones in the breeding area to prevent cannibalism.

Growth varies according to the variety, sex and breeding conditions (density of fish, food, water temperature, saltiness of the water). In intensive farming, the Nile tilapia gains around 1g to 2g a day in water kept at 25°C. The results are higher for males and improved breeds kept with a low population density at 30°C. After seven months in water, these fish can weigh up to 650g whereas with a high population density, the fish only weigh 300g. Once the fish are harvested, they are packed in ice straight away to be transported to wherever they will be sold fresh or processed. As they have a long shelf life, tilapia are particularly valued in processed meals such as fish fingers.

A fish conquering the world

The tilapia belongs to the Cichlidae family and lives in warm freshwater. There are around a hundred species, some of which adapt very well to living in the sea. Originally from Africa, it was acclimatised in Asia, America and Europe during the second half of the 20thcentury. It has a fairly short body covered in small scales, and a long dorsal fin. The Nile tilapia is the main species farmed in the world. It is grey with pinkish extremities and between 20and 38cm long. It can live for up to ten years and grow up to 5kg in weight.

KESTEMONT, P., MICHA, J.C., FALTER, U. (dir.),1989. Biologie de Tilapia nilotica. In: Les Méthodes de Production d'Alevins de Tilapia Nilotica. FAO | Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'Alimentation et l'Agriculture, Rome [en ligne]. [Consulté le 04 novembre 2015]. Disponible à l’adresse :

http://www.fao.org

LAZARD, Jérôme, 2009. La pisciculture destilapias. Cahiers Agricultures [en ligne]. Mars-juin 2009. Num.2-3, pp.174-182. [Consulté le 04 novembre 2015]. Disponible à l’adresse: http://www.jle.com

LEGROS, Damien, 1998. Guide technique pour l’élevage du tilapia. Centre pour le développement industriel, Belgique [en ligne].1998. pp 1-38. [Consulté le 04 novembre 2015]. Disponible à l’adresse: https://www.cde.int

LIETAR, Carlos (dir.), 1984. L'élevage de Tilapia nilotica en monoculture mixte. In: L'élevage du tilapia nilotica, Manuel pour les Animateurs Piscicoles en RCA, Bangui: FAO | Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'Alimentation et l'Agriculture. [En ligne]. [Consulté le 04 novembre 2015]. Disponible à l’adresse : http://www.fao.org

MEYER C., (ed. sc.), 2015. Dictionnaire des Sciences Animales [en ligne]. Montpellier: Cirad. [Consulté le 04 novembre 2015]. Disponible à l’adresse : http://dico-sciences-animales.cirad.fr

RAKOCY, J. E., DATE?. Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme Oreochromis niloticus. FAO | Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'Alimentation et l'Agriculture. Département des pêches et de l’aquaculture, Rome [en ligne]. Mis à jour le 18 février 2005.. [Consulté le 04 novembre 2015]. Disponible à l’adresse : http://www.fao.org

POPMA, Thomas et MASSER, Michael, 1999. Tilapia life history and biology. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center through Grant from United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative States Research, Education, and Extension Service, SRAC [en ligne].Mars 1999. N° 283.. [Consulté le 04 novembre 2015]. Disponible à l’adresse : http://www.extension.org

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Tilapia | alimentarium (2024)

FAQs

Is tilapia a healthy fish to eat? ›

Tilapia is a nutritious food, and it can be part of a healthy and balanced diet. It is a good source of protein and is relatively low in fat. Tilapia is also lower in sodium, calories, and total fat than bacon and other processed meats. However, unlike salmon, tilapia is not particularly high in omega-3 fatty acids.

Is tilapia bioengineered? ›

At least 35 species of fish are currently being genetically engineered around the world, including trout, catfish, tilapia, striped bass, flounder, and many species of salmon.

Why do they say not to eat tilapia? ›

Farmed tilapia, basa, and swai are not the healthiest fish choices due to the high level of contaminants and antibiotics they contain. Moreover, the risks associated with consuming these fish, including the presence of toxic bacteria and omega-6 fatty acids, may outweigh any potential health benefits.

Is Walmart tilapia safe to eat? ›

Yes, it is safe to eat. All of the tilapia that you're buying at grocery stores is coming from farms that are regulated.

Is tilapia considered a junk fish? ›

Tilapia is not considered a "garbage fish" by all people or in all contexts. However, there are some reasons why it has been labeled as such in certain situations: Invasive Species: In some areas where tilapia have been introduced, they have become invasive and have disrupted local ecosystems.

Is tilapia high in mercury? ›

A “Best Choice” rating by the EPA and FDA means that tilapia does not contain unsafe levels of mercury. U.S. farmed tilapia is also rated as a “Best Choice” seafood option by Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch for consumers looking for sustainably sourced seafood.

Why does tilapia have a bad reputation? ›

Many people have suspicions about tilapia being "bad" or "dirty," leading many to wonder if the fish is bad for you. That's because tilapia has a reputation for contamination. In the past, some farm-raised tilapia fed on animal waste. However, most farming practices have changed since then.

What is the safest tilapia to buy? ›

Buy tilapia from Colombia, Indonesia, Mexico, or Taiwan. Buy tilapia certified by the Aquaculture Stewardship Council, BAP Certified, or Naturland. Avoid tilapia from China because the industry's habitat, chemical, escape, and disease impacts are major concerns.

Should you eat tilapia from China? ›

However, there are several reasons why you may want to avoid or limit tilapia. Plus, there have been reports of using animal feces as food and the continued use of banned chemicals at tilapia farms in China. Because of this, if you choose to eat tilapia, it is best to avoid fish from China.

Why don t chefs like tilapia? ›

Tilapia. While many seafood restaurants have it on the menu, many chefs don't like the fish, says Chef K.C. Gulbro of FoxFire and Copper Fox. "The Tilapia, simply because many chefs consider this type of fish 'junk fish,' and because it takes on the flavor of everything you cook.

Why is tilapia banned in Australia? ›

Tilapia were historically imported to be kept as aquarium fish. Due to the significant risk these fish pose to native fish and the environment they are now listed as a notifiable pest under NSW legislation meaning it is illegal to possess, sell or move tilapia.

How often should I eat tilapia? ›

Fish and shellfish in this category, such as salmon, catfish, tilapia, lobster and scallops, are safe to eat two to three times a week, or 8 to 12 ounces per week, according to the FDA.

What's the cleanest fish to eat? ›

Rainbow trout

Farmed rainbow trout is actually a safer option than wild, as it's raised protected from contaminants. And, according to the Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch, it's one of the best types of fish you can eat in terms of environmental impact.

Is cod or tilapia better? ›

Cod Is Slightly Healthier Than Tilapia

A 3-ounce serving of cooked Atlantic cod boasts 90 calories and just 1 gram of fat for 19 grams of protein. Tilapia is slightly higher in calories, with 108 per 3-ounce cooked portion, and it's also slightly higher in fat, with 2¼ grams of fat.

Is it better to eat tilapia or salmon? ›

When comparing overall fatty acid content, salmon is a better source of omega-3 fats and tilapia is a better source of omega-6 fatty acids. While both contain fat, tilapia is considered a leaner fish because it has less omega-3 fats and fewer calories than salmon.

What is the healthiest fish you can eat? ›

7 Healthiest Fish to Eat, According to Experts
  1. Sardines. “Sardines are one of the healthiest fish to eat because they're very high in omega-3s,” says Gomer. ...
  2. Mackerel. Mackerel is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids, says Sauceda. ...
  3. Anchovies. ...
  4. Salmon. ...
  5. Herring. ...
  6. Trout. ...
  7. Tuna.
Mar 28, 2024

What is the disease in tilapia in humans? ›

The bacterium can cause necrotizing fasciitis, a flesh-eating disease that destroys the skin, muscles, and underlying tissues, leading to tissue death. Infections can progress rapidly, with symptoms worsening within hours or days.

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