By Dhruti ShahBBC News, Washington
Sanjana Nagesh
There's a sisterhood emerging on Instagram and it's one made up of young women from around the globe who proudly identify as "brown girls" - but who are they and what is it that they want?
"We're told that 'we're too brown' or 'we're not brown enough' but Instagram is now giving us an opportunity to take back our culture and play with it - that's exactly what we are doing", states Sanjana Nagesh, founder of BrownGirlGang.
And with 50,000 followers on her Instagram site hungry for content created by and for brown girls, it's clear this Australian has tapped into a growing market.
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She says she wanted to show off women she would find on Instagram who were doing amazing, creative things which fused their South Asian heritage with common pop culture.
A quick glance at her curated database, which attracts followers from the US, India, Canada and the UK, shows memes relating to actress Mindy Kaling, activist Jameela Jamil, as well as numerous Bollywood stars. It also has pictures of emerging artists, entrepreneurs and content creators.
Simmi Patel
Simmi Patel, an advertising copywriter, was born in the UK and moved to the US as a child. She taps into her Gujarati Kenyan Indian heritage for inspiration for the memes referencing a mishmash of Indian and western pop culture which she posts on Paper.Samosa. Hers is one of the accounts highlighted on the Brown Girl Gang page.
"I wanted to create something cool but that was different and would speak to people like me. It needed to be something that tapped into this mixture of eastern and western culture that the young desi generation has access to. We're interested in pop culture and mixing up everything that's modern with our traditions."
The term "desi" Simmi uses is derived from the Sanskrit word "desha", meaning country or land. It's used to refer to those of South Asian heritage who live abroad - the diaspora.
And with hundreds of thousands of uses of the term #BrownGirl and its plural respectively, and more than 5.8 million uses of the desi hashtag on Instagram, it looks like this is a group that's here to stay.
Simmi Patel
"Before you had to rely on movies and television where women like us would be represented by one-dimensional characters and an amalgamation of cliches. Now we're presenting our own narratives," says Sanjana.
Professor Radhika Gajjala of Bowling Green State University in Ohio is researching how South Asians use digital media. She is not surprised by the brown girl movement. Bollywood stars have been using the media for a long time to show off a particular controlled image, one very much focused on their brands, she says.
"These young women, who are digitally native, are expressing themselves in a similar but more authentic way. In fact, you are now seeing Bollywood stars see the success of these women and take inspiration from it - so posting candid shots and ones that fit less of a formula.
"These are the children and grandchildren of immigrants who want to connect with their roots of their culture but also show how they are very much part of popular millennial culture. These women are part of what I call the digital diaspora."
Neha Gaonkar
Neha Gaonkar, the brains behind The Cute Pista account, agrees. She grew up in India and the UK and moved to Chicago 10 years ago.
"It's about trying to find a happy medium with such a rich mix of culture and immigration and travel in our heritage. It's about trying to find out where we fit in."
More recently she's been wanting to immerse herself in the roots of her Indian culture.
"I came across so many amazing talented people on Instagram who were showing what it's like to be Indian, Pakistani and much more. I was exposed to this whole rich history and I wanted to be part of it".
Neha Gaonkar
Tamil-Canadian Pranavi Suthagar, from Toronto, is also proud to identify as a brown girl.
The graphic designer runs the Not Sari Instagram account where she sells clothes and badges she's made. Her work attempts to "decode the brown experience one illustration or collage at a time."
"When I was growing up I'd make friends with other brown people. We had incredibly different backgrounds and came from different countries. Yet there were many similarities in the way we were brought up and the experiences shared. I love that we bonded over these cultural norms."
Pranavi Suthagar
Prof Gajjala says the use of the word brown is significant as it was a term that helped people from a variety of backgrounds to "bridge" their different histories but also show what they had in common.
"It's not just about South Asian women; it includes those people with a rich history of immigration in their families - whether deliberate or forced because of colonisation and indentured slavery and more. They have being brown in common."
She says brown as an identity became more visible after the 9/11 terror attacks in the US.
"It was about political convergence - this word brought people from different backgrounds together. They were being looked upon as 'the other' and this word erased the differences in history between these people who had always been looked upon as migrants."
Brown is not a racial category, she adds, it's not on Census documents. "But brown has always been viewed as migrant - especially here in the US. Now we are seeing women especially using brown to mobilise and take ownership of their narratives."
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Brown is a colloquial term, says Pranavi. "I'm a brown person. It's helpful for people who don't want to use the word desi as it's more inclusive. It can include people who are from Indo-Caribbean backgrounds or Sri Lankan or mixed or much more. It's a great term.
"I don't think white people would use it but I wouldn't personally be offended if they did. In my experience it's not a derogatory word and it's never been used that way towards me by anyone; it's a cool term."
She said the traditional image of a South Asian woman was of someone who was protected, oppressed and traditional. But many of the brown girls on Instagram were joining her in subverting that and often using humour - in different ways - to show that they are playful but they are fighting back.
"These brown women don't need white saviours," she adds.
But what about those who have been using social media for a while to highlight desi culture? What do they think about this zeitgeist moment?
Maria Qamar, who is behind the HateCopy account, is an artist who began on social platforms. She's now had her work shown globally, has been championed by Mindy Kaling, and has exhibited in New York.
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Maria, who lives in Toronto, Canada, says: "What's happening now is that women are taking ideas of dated tradition designed to keep us in line and keep us down and combating that. Desi women are coming out and saying ' I will do what I want to do'".
Maria shrugged off concerns the brown girl label could be limiting, saying: "I'm a brown girl. That's what I am. It's the lens through which we are working. Brown girls are pro-us; not anti-you. We should be allowed to celebrate - especially as women of colour are the least represented in the media. Black and brown women are often pushed to the side.
"Now we are being seen and on our terms."
The article you've provided delves into the emergence of a significant movement on Instagram centered around self-identity and cultural expression for young women who proudly identify as "brown girls." This movement is a digital manifestation that celebrates diverse heritages, blending South Asian cultures with global pop culture while reclaiming narratives and challenging stereotypes.
As an enthusiast with expertise in cultural movements and digital identity expression, I'd like to break down the concepts embedded in this article:
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Identity Empowerment on Instagram: Sanjana Nagesh, the founder of BrownGirlGang, has leveraged Instagram to create a platform where brown girls from diverse backgrounds showcase their unique blend of cultural heritage and modern influences.
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Cultural Fusion and Expression: The article highlights individuals like Simmi Patel, Neha Gaonkar, Pranavi Suthagar, and Maria Qamar, each contributing distinct perspectives through memes, artwork, fashion, and social commentary that blend their South Asian heritage with contemporary influences.
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Desi Culture and Digital Diaspora: The term "desi," derived from Sanskrit, refers to South Asians living outside their home countries. The digital diaspora represents a generation using digital media to express their cultural roots and navigate their dual identities.
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Brown Identity and Inclusivity: "Brown" has become an inclusive term, transcending traditional racial categories, encompassing diverse backgrounds within South Asian communities and other immigrant histories.
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Subversion of Stereotypes: These women are actively subverting stereotypes of South Asian women portrayed in mainstream media by sharing their narratives, using humor, and asserting their independence.
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Social Media's Role in Empowerment: Instagram and social media platforms provide a space for these women to redefine their narratives, combat outdated traditions, and assert control over their representations.
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Visibility and Representation: The movement aims to bring visibility to underrepresented women of color, celebrating their identities and experiences on their terms.
This movement is significant in its capacity to foster a sense of belonging and empowerment among women whose stories and experiences have often been marginalized. It's about reclaiming narratives, celebrating diversity, and fostering a global sisterhood grounded in shared experiences and cultural pride.
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