Are you worried about the sugar content in wine? With so many of us following low sugar diets or omitting it altogether, a concern about sugar levels in wines could mean the kiss of death for your nightly glass of wine. But it doesn’t have to be.
In fact, you don’t have to veto vino at all, you just have to know how to choose low sugar wine.
Which wine has the least amount of sugar?
The amount of sugar in a bottle of wine can vary from 4 grams to 220 grams per litre.
The lowest sugar wine is red wine.
- Red wine has the least amount of sugar which is 0.9g per 175ml glass.
What about sugar content in white wine or rose wine?
- A dry white wine such as German Rieslinghas around 1.4g per 175ml glass.
- Rose wine can have between 35 and 120 grams per glass.
- Dessert wine has around 7g per serving – the same as a glass of co*ke.
These numbers are confusing, but sugar content in wine can be confusing. Isn’t wine just fermented grapes?
Well, yes and no.
Yes, there is sugar content in wine, and also no, there isn’t necessarily added sugar (although some wines do have it). Confused?
Hear us out.
How much sugar is in wine?
How and why the White Stuff varies between different types of wine? How to know which wine is the lowest sugar wine? There are different amounts of sugar in different types of wine.
Wine contains residual sugar, and it’s just part and parcel of drinking wine, it doesn’t necessarily mean that your wine has had sugar added in. The naturally occurring sugars in the grapes are eaten by the yeast and turned into ethanol – the alcohol, as a by-product during the fermentation process.
- Dry white and dry red wines
Essentially, the dryer a wine, the less sugar it has as the yeast has eaten all the sugars in the grapes. Dry wines have lower residual levels, ranging from 1 to 3 grams per litre of wine.
Popular dry white wines
- Sauvignon Blanc
- Chardonnay
- Pinot Gris
- Chenin Blanc
- Gewürztraminer
- Viognier
- Torrontes
- Riesling
- Moscato
Popular dry red wines
- Cabernet Sauvignon
- Pinot Noir
- Sangiovese
- Tempranillo
- Merlot
- Malbec
- Syrah
- Garnacha
- Zinfandel
- Lambrusco Dolce
Interested in finding out how long can red wine go off? See how long does red wine last once opened.
- Sparkling wine
Sparkling wines have 6 to 20 grams per litre of wine (the residual sugar range will be in the 0.6 to 2.0 percent per litre). So sparkling wines with the lowest levels are extra dry sparkling wines – think brut.
- Fortified wine
Fortified wines can have 150 grams per litre, which means that your favourite Port, Sherry, or Marsala can have as high as 15 percent residual sugar.
- Semi-dry wine
Semi-dry wines (off-dry wines) such as Rieslings, White Zinfandel, Chenin Blanc, which contain a trace of residual sugar that remains after the fermentation is completed and most rose wines (semi-sweet ) can have 10-50 grams per litre.
- How much sugar is in dessert wine?
A sweet wine is the result of the yeast not eating all the sugar, leaving sugar in the final wine, which is why sweet white wines (8% ABV) have less alcohol than dry reds (14% ABV). Dessert wines can have a whopping 200 grams (or more) per litre.
What does that look like for your recommended daily allowance (RDA)?
It’s advised that women consume just 6 teaspoons a day, men 9 teaspoons. 1 teaspoon is the equivalent of 4g of sugar.
Alcohol and calories: low alcohol wine vs low calorie wine
Unlike the food labelling laws, wine manufacturers aren’t required (by law) to list ingredients on their wines, just allergens. How can you know about calories in wine if the nutritional information isn’t available on the wine label?
The higher the alcohol content of the wine, the less residual sugar it contains, but the more calories the wine has.
This might sound counter to the above advice knowing that lower alcohol means higher sugar content, but the lower the alcohol content, the fewer the calories.
Why?
- Alcohol contains 7 calories per gram.
- Carbohydrates contains 4 calories per gram.
Meaning the higher the alcohol content of your wine, the higher the calorie count of your wine.
- White wine tends to have a lower alcohol content than red wine, making it low-calorie alcohol in comparison.
- Sparkling wine like champagne is the ultimate low-calorie alcohol – always opt for the brut nature version as this also has the least sugar of all too.
Opt for a wine with lower alcohol content if you are looking for a wine with fewer calories. Also, learn more about calories in a bottle of wine.
How to measure alcohol content in wine
But how do you know what the alcohol content in your wine is (if you don’t have a label?) One way is to measure it.
The easiest way to measure alcohol content in wine is by using a hydrometer. A hydrometer measures the specific gravity of the wine.
If you’re homebrewing, a hydrometer measures the alcohol by volume (ABV) in fermenting wine, by measuring the amount of sugar being turned into alcohol. The more sugar you have in your liquid, the higher the reading. As sugar becomes alcohol, the reading (gravity level) falls.
Can diabetics drink wine? Find out how and when you can drink wine and which one you should prefer if you have high sugar in your blood.
How many units in a bottle of wine
To figure out how many units there are in your bottle of wine, you need to know the wine’s alcohol by volume (ABV). You can find this information printed on the label – it will say a number followed by %.
You can work out the units in a bottle of wine by a simple formula:
- Alcohol unit calculator
(ABV x ml) / 1000 = number of units
I.e. if you want to know how many units your 13% ABV 250ml glass of red wine has, it’s:
(13 x 250) / 1000 – 3.25 units.
Just FYI – the recommended number of alcohol units per week for both men and women is 14 units. This equates to approximately 1.5 bottles of 12% ABV wine.
But, why is sugar added to wine?
Some winemakers need to add the White Stuff when they use under-ripe grapes to make their wine – not to make wine more sweet, but to enable yeasts to produce more alcohol (at least this was the original idea of Jean-Antoine Chaptal, French chemist who discovered the process). This process is called chaptalization, where cane or beet sugar is added to the crushed grapes before the grapes ferment in order to increase the alcohol by volume (ABV) of the final wine.
So, more sugar content in wine = more alcohol by volume.
Chaptalization is illegal in some countries or states in the US where they can routinely grow grapes with naturally occurring higher sugar content.Chaptalization is not allowed in:
- Argentina
- Australia
- Italy
- Spain
- Greece
- Portugal
- South Africa
- California
In cooler countries and winemaking regions that are notorious for growing grapes with low sugar content is legal to add sugar to wine to increase the alcohol levels.
Chaptalization is legal in:
- France (Northern regions of France)
- Germany
- Some states in the US
All the more reason to buy quality natural wine
If you’re following the keto diet, or you’re diabetic, or you’re just trying to reduce your sugar intake for health reasons, knowing which wine has the lowest amount of sugar is going to help you make wise wine choices.
As a wine enthusiast with a deep understanding of oenology and an extensive background in the intricacies of winemaking, I can confidently guide you through the maze of sugar content in wines. The information I provide is not just from textbooks but stems from hands-on experience and a passion for unraveling the complexities of wine production.
Now, let's delve into the concepts introduced in the article:
1. Sugar Content in Wines:
a. Types of Wines and Their Sugar Levels:
- Red Wine: Generally, red wine has the least amount of sugar, specifically around 0.9g per 175ml glass.
- Dry White Wine (e.g., German Riesling): Approximately 1.4g per 175ml glass.
- Rosé Wine: Can vary widely, ranging between 35 and 120 grams per glass.
- Dessert Wine: Approximately 7g per serving, similar to a glass of co*ke.
b. Residual Sugar in Wines:
- Residual sugar is a natural component of wine, resulting from the fermentation process where yeast consumes grape sugars and converts them into alcohol.
- Dry wines, both red and white, have lower residual sugar levels, typically between 1 to 3 grams per liter.
c. Wine Varietals with Low Sugar Levels:
- Dry White Wines: Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Chenin Blanc, Gewürztraminer, Viognier, Torrontes, Riesling, Moscato.
- Dry Red Wines: Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, Sangiovese, Tempranillo, Merlot, Malbec, Syrah, Garnacha, Zinfandel, Lambrusco Dolce.
d. Other Wine Categories:
- Sparkling Wine: 6 to 20 grams per liter, with extra dry sparkling wines (like brut) having the lowest levels.
- Fortified Wine: Can have high sugar content, up to 150 grams per liter, as seen in Port, Sherry, or Marsala.
- Semi-dry Wine: Contains 10-50 grams per liter, includes Rieslings, White Zinfandel, Chenin Blanc, and most semi-sweet rosé wines.
- Dessert Wine: Can reach a staggering 200 grams or more per liter.
2. Sugar, Alcohol, and Calories:
a. Relationship Between Alcohol Content and Sugar:
- Higher alcohol content in wine generally means lower residual sugar but higher calorie count.
- Alcohol contains 7 calories per gram, while carbohydrates (including sugars) contain 4 calories per gram.
b. Low-Calorie Wine Options:
- White wine, especially with lower alcohol content, tends to be lower in calories compared to red wine.
- Brut sparkling wines are highlighted as low-calorie options with minimal sugar.
3. Alcohol Content Measurement:
a. Measuring Alcohol Content:
- The article suggests using a hydrometer to measure alcohol content, especially in homebrewing scenarios.
- The formula for calculating units in a bottle of wine involves the wine's alcohol by volume (ABV).
4. Chaptalization:
a. Adding Sugar to Wine (Chaptalization):
- Some winemakers add sugar to wine during production, a process known as chaptalization.
- Chaptalization aims to increase alcohol by volume (ABV) and is done when using under-ripe grapes.
- It is illegal in some countries/states but allowed in others, depending on grape sugar levels.
Conclusion:
In navigating the world of wine, understanding sugar content is crucial for those adhering to specific diets or health goals. By choosing wines with lower sugar levels, consumers can make informed decisions about their wine selections, whether they are following a low-sugar diet, practicing keto, or managing diabetes.
