Speech and Language Delay - familydoctor.org (2024)

Speech and Language Delay - familydoctor.org (1)

Every child develops at his or her own pace. But if your child doesn’t talk as much as most children of the same age, the problem may be speech delay.

What is a speech and language delay?

A speech and language delay is when a child isn’t developing speech and language at an expected rate. It’s a common developmental problem that affects as many as 10% of preschool children.

Symptoms of a speech and language delay

Your child may have a speech delay if they aren’t able to do these things:

  • Say simple words (such as “mama” or “dada”) either clearly or unclearly by 12 to 15 months of age
  • Understand simple words (such as “no” or “stop”) by 18 months of age
  • Talk in short sentences by 3 years of age
  • Tell a simple story at 4 to 5 years of age

What causes a speech and language delay?

The most common causes of speech delay include:

  • Hearing loss
  • Slow development
  • Intellectual disability

Other developmental or genetic disorders include:

  • Psychosocial deprivation (the child doesn’t spend enough time talking with adults)
  • Being a twin
  • Autism (a developmental disorder)
  • Elective mutism (the child just doesn’t want to talk)
  • Cerebralpalsy(a movement disorder caused by brain damage)

Living in a bilingual home also may affect a child’s language and speech. The child’s brain has to work harder to interpret and use 2 languages. So, it may take longer for these children to start using one or both languages they’re learning. It’s not unusual for a bilingual child to use one language for a while.

How is a speech and language delay diagnosed?

Your doctor can help you recognize a speech and language delay. They will ask you what you have heard and can listen to your child’s speech and check your child’s mental development.

Your doctor may refer you to other specialists to determine why your child isn’t speaking. For example, if your doctor thinks your child may have trouble hearing, they may refer your child to an audiologist for a hearing test. This is a licensed health care professional who treats hearing problems.

Can a speech and language delay be prevented or avoided?

Depending on the cause of your child’s speech delay, you may not be able to prevent or avoid it.

Speech and language delay treatment

Your child may not need treatment. Some children just take more time to start talking. But if your child needs treatment, the type will depend on the cause of the speech delay. Your doctor will tell you the cause of your child’s issue and talk to you about treatment options. Your doctor may refer you to a speech and language pathologist. This person can show you how to help your child talk more and speak better, and also can teach your child how to listen or how to lip read.

Teaching young babies and children a version of sign language also can help them with their language development. Contrary to what some might think, using sign language with babies and young children does not delay their language development.

Other specialists your doctor may recommend you see include a psychologist (a specialist in behavior problems), an occupational therapist (for help with daily activities), or a social worker (who can help with family problems). Your doctor may also suggest early intervention programs in your area. Many are associated with your local school district

Living with a speech and language delay

If your child’s speech is delayed due to a hearing loss, hearing aids or cochlear implants may help your child hear speech. Once your child has access to sound (and speech), they may be able to develop language and even catch up to their hearing peers.

If your child hears and understands language, you can encourage them to speak by talking as much as you can around them. Describe what you’re doing as you do everyday activities. Keep talking. If your child speaks, confirm what they are saying. Always provide positive feedback.

Speech and language delays can be frustrating for parents and children. Children who can’t express their thoughts and emotions are more likely to act out. They anger easily. They may use unexpected behavior to get your attention. Try to remember your child does want to communicate with you. Read to your child and talk as much as you can. Encourage your child to speak. When they try to speak, praise their efforts.

Questions to ask your doctor

  • Why is my child not talking yet?
  • Should I talk to my child more to help them figure out how to talk?
  • Is it normal for my child to not be speaking yet?
  • My child seems to have trouble understanding what I’m saying. Is it possible they have hearing loss?
  • Does my child have a developmental disability?
  • What can I do to help my child speak or understand better?
  • Do you have any materials I can read about speech and language delay?
  • Will my child be able to attend school?
  • Is there an early intervention program available in my area and would it be helpful?

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Categories: Family Health, Kids and Teens

Tags: autism, cerebral palsy, child, developmental delay, hearing loss, teenager

Speech and Language Delay - familydoctor.org (2)

Copyright © American Academy of Family Physicians

This information provides a general overview and may not apply to everyone. Talk to your family doctor to find out if this information applies to you and to get more information on this subject.

Speech and Language Delay - familydoctor.org (2024)

FAQs

Is speech delay parents fault? ›

When a child is having language problems, parents can jump to the conclusion that it's their fault or that they could have done something different to prevent it from occurring. If you've ever thought about this or are experiencing it right now, you must understand that your child's speech delay is not your fault.

Can a child with language delay catch up? ›

Some children with expressive language delay "catch up" during the preschool years ("late bloomers"), whereas others have persistent delay (see 'Natural history' below). Early evaluation can help to correctly identify late-talking children who will benefit from intervention and/or additional evaluation.

Is it normal for a 3 year old not to speak? ›

A 3-year-old who can comprehend and nonverbally communicate but can't say many words may have a speech delay. One who can say a few words but can't put them into understandable phrases may have a language delay. Some speech and language disorders involve brain function and may indicate a learning disability.

At what age should you be concerned about speech delay? ›

Also call the doctor if your child's speech is harder to understand than expected for their age: Parents and regular caregivers should understand about 50% of a child's speech at 2 years and 75% of it at 3 years. By 4 years old, a child should be mostly understood, even by people who don't know the child.

How many kids with speech delay catch up? ›

Between 70–80% of Late Talkers seem to catch up to their peers by the time they enter school. Sometimes these children are called “late bloomers” because they eventually seem to catch up to other children their age.

Is speech delay autism or ADHD? ›

Do autism and ADHD share any signs & symptoms? Well, yes. For instance, children with ADHD may seem hyperfocused on a subject for a short span, and children with ASD may also have a hyperfocused interest in one subject or object. In both cases, ADHD and ASD children may exhibit signs of speech delay.

What age do late talkers catch up? ›

Children who present as late talkers tend to catch up to their peers by the ages of 3-5 years old, but could be at risk for developing later language or literacy difficulties, or even mental health needs.

What is the most common cause of speech delay? ›

The most common causes of speech delay include: Hearing loss. Slow development. Intellectual disability.

Why is my 2 year old not talking but understands everything? ›

If your child has not yet fully developed their verbal communication, they may be what is commonly referred to as a "late talker." Late talking is when a child understands more than they can say. While this may cause concern for some parents, it is important to remember that all children develop at different rates.

Why is my 3 year old smart but not talking? ›

The two most common reasons why are: A child is developing talking or pronunciation skills at a slower pace than their peers. A child is having trouble learning the coordination for making sounds for speech.

Why is my 3 year old not talking but understands everything? ›

If your child understands everything but doesn't speak it is mostly because the child has developed receptive language appropriately for their age and may have an expressive language delay.

Can too much TV cause speech delay? ›

The more videos that toddlers watched, the fewer words they knew or said. Another study showed particularly harmful effects of passive screen time. Researchers found that before a child's first birthday, those who watched more than two hours of TV a day were six times more likely to develop a language delay.

What is Einstein syndrome? ›

What is Einstein syndrome? Einstein syndrome is a condition where a child experiences late onset of language, or a late language emergence, but demonstrates giftedness in other areas of analytical thinking. A child with Einstein syndrome eventually speaks with no issues, but remains ahead of the curve in other areas.

Which vitamin is good for speech delay? ›

A combination of phosphatidylcholine, Vitamin E, and Omega 3s has helped many kids with speech.

What is the difference between speech delay and language delay? ›

While speech and language are two independent development stages, they often overlap. For example, a child with a speech delay might use words and phrases to express ideas but be difficult to understand. Conversely, a child with a language delay might pronounce words well but only be able to put two words together.

Do speech delays run in families? ›

Speech and language delays can have many different causes. These causes can include hearing problems, Down syndrome or other genetic conditions, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, or mental health conditions. Delays can also run in families. Sometimes the cause is not known.

Do late talkers run in families? ›

Twins are more likely to be late talkers than singletons. Family history. Late talkers tend to run in the family.

What causes delayed speech in a child? ›

Speech delay occurs most often in those with an athetoid type of cerebral palsy. The following factors, alone or in combination, may account for the speech delay: hearing loss, incoordination or spasticity of the muscles of the tongue, coexisting mental retardation or a defect in the cerebral cortex.

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