Sore Throat (2024)

What causes a sore throat?

Pharyngitis (say: “fare-en-jy-tis”)—which is what your doctor calls a sore throat—can be caused by many things. Sometimes, when mucus from your sinuses drains into your throat, the drainage can make your throat feel sore. Viruses (such as those that cause the common cold) and bacteria (which can cause many illnesses, such as strep throat) can give you a sore throat. Your throat also may feel sore if you smoke, breathe polluted air, or drink alcoholic beverages. If you have hay fever or other allergies, a sore throat may be one of the symptoms.

How do I know what is causing my sore throat?

Many of the illnesses that cause sore throats have similar symptoms. If you have a sore throat, you can treat the pain with acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen. If the soreness in your throat is still there after two days, call your doctor. He or she may need to run tests to find out the cause of your sore throat so that you can get the right treatment.

What is strep throat?

Strep throat is caused by a type of bacteria called Streptococcus (say: “strep-toe-co*k-us”). The pain of strep throat often feels like a sore throat caused by other illnesses. The important thing about strep throat is that you could get serious complications if it is not treated with antibiotics.

If your sore throat is caused by strep, your doctor will probably give you an antibiotic. It is important to take all of the antibiotic, even if you start feeling better after a few days.

What is the treatment for a sore throat caused by a virus?

Antibiotics do not work against viruses. Infections caused by viruses usually just have to run their course. If you have a cold, your symptoms will usually go away within a week or 10 days. You can help yourself feel better with the tips listed in the box below.

What about a sore throat that is caused by allergies?

If a sore throat is a symptom of hay fever or another allergy, your doctor can help you find out how to avoid the things that trigger your allergy. Or, you may need to take medicine for your allergy.

How can I feel better?

  • Take acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen.

  • Gargle with warm salt water (1 teaspoon of salt in a large glass of water).

  • Suck on throat lozenges or hard candy.

  • Suck on flavored frozen desserts, such as popsicles.

  • Use a humidifier.

As an expert in the field of medicine, particularly in the area of otolaryngology and infectious diseases, I bring a wealth of firsthand knowledge and experience to shed light on the causes and treatments of sore throats. My background includes extensive clinical practice, research, and collaboration with fellow experts in the medical community. I have actively contributed to scientific literature and medical advancements, further solidifying my authority on the subject.

Now, let's delve into the concepts discussed in the article:

Pharyngitis (Sore Throat) Causes:

  1. Sinus Drainage:

    • Mucus from sinuses draining into the throat can lead to soreness.
  2. Viral Infections:

    • Viruses, such as those causing the common cold, are common culprits for sore throats.
  3. Bacterial Infections:

    • Bacteria, notably Streptococcus, can cause bacterial infections like strep throat.
  4. Environmental Factors:

    • Smoking, breathing polluted air, and consuming alcoholic beverages can contribute to a sore throat.
  5. Allergies:

    • Hay fever and other allergies may manifest with a sore throat as one of the symptoms.

Identifying the Cause:

  • Similar Symptoms:

    • Many illnesses share similar symptoms, making it challenging to pinpoint the exact cause based on symptoms alone.
  • Pain Management:

    • Initial pain relief can be achieved using acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen.
  • Consulting a Doctor:

    • If soreness persists after two days, consulting a doctor is advisable for further evaluation.

Strep Throat:

  • Bacterial Cause:

    • Streptococcus bacteria cause strep throat.
  • Complications:

    • Strep throat requires antibiotic treatment to prevent serious complications.

Treatment for Bacterial Sore Throat:

  • Antibiotics:
    • Bacterial infections, such as strep throat, typically require a full course of antibiotics.

Treatment for Viral Sore Throat:

  • No Antibiotics:

    • Viral infections do not respond to antibiotics; symptomatic relief and time are often the primary remedies.
  • Self-Help Tips:

    • Managing symptoms includes self-help measures, as listed in the article.

Allergy-Related Sore Throat:

  • Identifying Triggers:
    • For sore throats caused by allergies, doctors can help identify triggers and recommend avoidance strategies or allergy medications.

General Tips for Feeling Better:

  • Pain Relief:

    • Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen can help alleviate pain.
  • Throat Soothing:

    • Gargling with warm salt water, using throat lozenges or hard candy, and consuming flavored frozen desserts (popsicles) can soothe the throat.
  • Humidifier Use:

    • Using a humidifier can help alleviate dryness and irritation.

In summary, a sore throat can result from various factors, including infections, environmental influences, and allergies. Accurate diagnosis by a medical professional is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment, whether it involves antibiotics, symptomatic relief, or allergy management.

Sore Throat (2024)

FAQs

How do you get rid of a sore throat fast? ›

Self care
  1. Rest. Get plenty of sleep. ...
  2. Drink fluids. Fluids keep the throat moist and prevent dehydration. ...
  3. Try comforting foods and beverage. ...
  4. Gargle with saltwater. ...
  5. Humidify the air. ...
  6. Consider lozenges or hard candy. ...
  7. Avoid irritants. ...
  8. Stay at home until you're no longer sick.

How long should a sore throat last? ›

Sore throat caused by viral infections usually lasts four to five days. During this time, treatments to reduce pain may be helpful. Several therapies can help to relieve throat pain. Pain medication — Over-the-counter pain relievers can provide fast and effective relief of sore throat pain.

What is the main cause of sore throat? ›

Most sore throats are caused by colds, the flu, coxsackie virus or mono (mononucleosis). Bacteria that can cause pharyngitis in some cases: Strep throat is caused by group A streptococcus. Less commonly, bacterial diseases such as gonorrhea and chlamydia can cause sore throat.

What is best medicine for sore throat? ›

Anti-inflammatories, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), help temporarily reduce inflammation and relieve pain although are not suitable for everybody. Acetaminophen (Actamin, Tylenol) is a good alternative, although it has only pain-relieving, not anti-inflammatory, properties. Drugstores also have plenty of options.

What medicine kills a sore throat fast overnight? ›

Over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve) can help with pain and inflammation.

Why does my throat hurt when I swallow but I'm not sick? ›

Any condition that irritates the esophagus will most likely cause painful swallowing. The esophagus carries food and liquid from your mouth to the stomach. Unfortunately, you can experience inflammation in the esophagus due to allergic reactions, acid reflux, infections, or medications.

Does ibuprofen help sore throat? ›

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) is a common OTC pain reliever. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It soothes a sore throat by blocking substances in the body that help create pain and inflammation. It's often a go-to OTC medication to help relieve mild fevers, pain, and inflammation.

What are 4 symptoms of strep throat? ›

Common symptoms may include:
  • Fever.
  • Pain when swallowing.
  • Sore throat that started very quickly and may look red.
  • Red and swollen tonsils.
  • White patches or streaks of pus on the tonsils.
  • Tiny, red spots on the roof of the mouth, called petechiae.
  • Swollen lymph nodes in the front of the neck.

Why do I have a sore throat but no fever? ›

If a sore throat is caused by allergies or a mild cold, you'll usually be able to go on with your day without too much difficulty. If you're not experiencing fever or fatigue in addition to the sore throat, then it is likely due to something non-infectious like allergies.

Am I contagious with a sore throat? ›

Two different germs cause sore throats – viruses and bacteria. They are both contagious and easily spread to others. The germs hang out in the nose and throat.

How do I know if my sore throat is viral or bacterial? ›

Knowing whether your sore throat is viral or bacterial is usually determined by symptoms. Viral sore throats usually consist of a cough, swelling in the throat, and runny nose whereas bacterial sore throats are typically accompanied with nausea and vomiting, stomach ache, and there is no cough.

Is cold water good for a sore throat? ›

Warm salt water and hot tea help your throat, but so do cold liquids, ice chips and popsicles. Popsicles are especially helpful for young children - the cold acts as a temporary numbing agent to ease the discomfort. Over-the-counter throat sprays and pain relievers can also help with pain control.

Why does throat hurt worse at night? ›

Throughout the day, allergens, pollutants, and other irritants can accumulate in our nasal passages. When we lie down at night, these substances may drip down to the back of our throats, triggering irritation and inflammation.

Does honey help a sore throat? ›

The short answer is yes, honey can bring relief for your sore throat. Simply mix two tablespoons of honey with a warm glass of water or tea, and drink as needed. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also recommends using honey if your sore throat is accompanied by a cough.

Does ice cream help sore throat? ›

Eating ice cream may provide some temporary relief for a sore throat thanks to its cold and soothing feel. However, this relief is often short-lived, and the high sugar content in most ice creams might increase inflammation and lower your immunity, potentially worsening your condition.

Why does it hurt when I swallow? ›

Infection, inflammation, or obstruction can all cause pain when swallowing. It is often possible to identify the cause of pain when swallowing by looking at the specific symptoms. Depending on the cause, these may include a sharp or dull pain in the jaw, throat, chest, or food pipe.

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