Should You Drink Coffee on an Empty Stomach? (2024)

Coffee is such a popular beverage that its consumption levels come second only to water in some countries (1).

In addition to helping you feel less tired and more alert, the caffeine in coffee may improve your mood, brain function, and exercise performance. It may also boost weight loss and protect against illnesses like type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer’s, and heart disease (2, 3).

Many people enjoy drinking coffee first thing in the morning. Yet, some people assert that having it on an empty stomach may harm your health.

This article discusses whether you should drink coffee on an empty stomach.

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Research shows that coffee’s bitterness may stimulate the production of stomach acid (4, 5).

As such, many people believe that coffee irritates your stomach, worsens symptoms of gut disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and causes heartburn, ulcers, nausea, acid reflux, and indigestion.

Some suggest that drinking your cup of joe on an empty stomach is particularly harmful since there’s no other food present to prevent the acid from damaging your stomach lining.

Yet, research fails to find a strong link between coffee and digestive troubles — regardless of whether you drink it on an empty stomach (6).

While a small proportion of people are extremely sensitive to coffee and regularly experience heartburn, vomiting, or indigestion, the frequency and severity of these symptoms remain constant regardless of whether they drink it on an empty stomach or with food (7).

Still, it’s important to pay attention to how your body responds. If you experience digestive issues after drinking coffee on an empty stomach but not when drinking it with a meal, consider adjusting your intake accordingly.

summary

Coffee increases the production of stomach acid but doesn’t appear to cause digestive issues for most people. Therefore, drinking it on an empty stomach is perfectly fine.

Another common argument is that drinking coffee on an empty stomach may increase levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

Cortisol is produced by your adrenal glands and helps regulate metabolism, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels. Yet, chronically excessive levels can trigger health problems, including bone loss, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease (8).

Cortisol levels naturally peak around the time you wake up, decline over the day, and peak again during the early phases of sleep (9).

Interestingly, coffee stimulates cortisol production. Thus, some people claim that drinking it first thing in the morning, when cortisol levels are already high, can be dangerous.

However, cortisol production in response to coffee appears much lower among people who drink it regularly, and some studies show no rise in cortisol at all. Plus, there’s little evidence to suggest that drinking coffee on a full stomach reduces this response (9, 10).

What’s more, even if you don’t drink it often, any increase in cortisol levels seems to be temporary.

There’s little reason to believe that such a brief peak would result in long-term health complications (9).

In short, the negative effects of chronically high levels of this hormone are more likely to result from a health disorder like Cushing’s syndrome than from your coffee intake.

summary

Coffee may cause a temporary rise in the stress hormone cortisol. Nonetheless, this is unlikely to result in health problems, regardless of whether you drink it on an empty stomach or with food.

Coffee may also have a few negative side effects, regardless of whether you drink it on an empty stomach.

For instance, caffeine can be addictive, and some people’s genetics may make them particularly sensitive to it (11, 12).

That’s because regular coffee intake can alter your brain chemistry, requiring progressively larger amounts of caffeine to produce the same effects (13).

Drinking excessive amounts may lead to anxiety, restlessness, heart palpitations, and worsened panic attacks. It may even result in headaches, migraines, and high blood pressure in some individuals (1, 14, 15).

For this reason, most experts agree that you should cap your caffeine intake at around 400 mg per day — the equivalent of 4–5 cups (0.95–1.12 liters) of coffee (16, 17).

Since its effects can last up to 7 hours in adults, coffee may also disrupt your sleep, particularly if you drink it late in the day (1).

Finally, caffeine can easily cross the placenta, and its effects can last up to 16 hours longer than usual in pregnant women and their babies. Hence, pregnant women are encouraged to limit their coffee intake to 1–2 cups (240–480 ml) per day (1, 18).

Keep in mind that drinking coffee on an empty stomach doesn’t appear to affect the strength or frequency of these effects.

summary

Drinking too much coffee may cause anxiety, restlessness, migraines, and poor sleep. However, no evidence indicates that drinking it on an empty stomach affects the frequency or strength of these side effects.

Many people enjoy coffee first thing in the morning before they’ve eaten.

Despite persistent myths, little scientific evidence suggests that drinking it on an empty stomach is harmful. Rather, it likely has the same effects on your body no matter how you consume it.

All the same, if you experience digestive issues when drinking coffee on an empty stomach, try having it with food instead. If you notice an improvement, it may be best to adjust your routine accordingly.

Should You Drink Coffee on an Empty Stomach? (2024)

FAQs

Should You Drink Coffee on an Empty Stomach? ›

Whether you should drink coffee on an empty stomach depends on whether you suffer from acid reflux, ulcers, GERD, or have a sensitive stomach in general. Even if you don't have these issues, eating a meal before consuming coffee may be the best course of action.

Is it a good idea to drink coffee on an empty stomach? ›

Many people believe drinking coffee on an empty stomach is unhealthy, but for most people, the practice is totally safe, experts said. However, coffee affects everyone differently, and for some people, the beverage can cause acid reflux or stomach pain.

What happens if I only drink coffee and don't eat? ›

Your body absorbs coffee (and, therefore, caffeine) faster when there's nothing else in your belly. This rapid absorption can intensify caffeine's effects, making you feel anxious, jittery or irritable.

Why should you not drink coffee first thing in the morning? ›

Drinking coffee shortly after waking up is extremely dehydrating because caffeine has a diuretic effect on your body, which means it can draw fluids out. After a night's sleep, you need to rehydrate yourself, so it's better to opt for a glass of water instead of coffee first thing in the morning.

Is it better to drink coffee before or after a Meal? ›

There is no definitive answer to whether coffee should be consumed before or after food. Some people prefer to have coffee before eating in order to help wake them up and stimulate their appetite, while others prefer to have coffee after eating as a way to aid digestion and relax.

What happens if you only drink coffee and no water? ›

So, while it's generally assumed safe to drink coffee and not risk dehydration, that doesn't mean it's safe to completely eliminate water from your daily fluid intake. If you drink only coffee and no water, you could become dehydrated.

Is coffee in the morning good for you? ›

Health Benefits of Your Morning Joe

Beyond this jolt of euphoria, studies have shown there are several health benefits that accompany drinking at least one cup a day. Basic nutrients help protect against Type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, liver disease and liver cancer, and they also promote heart health.

Is coffee bad for gut health? ›

Anti-Inflammatory Properties: Coffee has been found to positively impact the gut microbiome with its prebiotic properties. Coffee can lower harmful specifics of microbes and feed the good bacteria in your gut 7. Source of Dietary Fibre: Dietary fibre can be found in some coffee grounds.

What are the side effects of drinking coffee on an empty stomach? ›

There are two primary bodily responses that can occur if you drink coffee on an empty stomach: digestive upset and a hormonal response. Though coffee affects everyone differently, it can cause issues for our digestive system.

Is it healthier to drink coffee or stay without it? ›

“For most people, moderate coffee consumption can be incorporated into a healthy diet.” Hu said that moderate coffee intake—about 2–5 cups a day—is linked to a lower likelihood of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, liver and endometrial cancers, Parkinson's disease, and depression.

Why wait 90 minutes to drink coffee? ›

Waiting 90 minutes after waking up allows adenosine levels to rise slightly, making caffeine more effective at blocking receptors and keeping us alert throughout the day. Accordingly, to Huberman, that's the key to its method: you need to let some adenosine fix itself on receptors before you consume coffee.

How soon after waking up should you drink coffee? ›

“That explains why you may peak in the morning and get more tired at night,” she noted. Taking this rhythm into consideration, Lee suggested that the best time to have caffeine would be at least 45 minutes after waking up, when “your cortisol rhythm starts to dip.”

Why you should stop drinking coffee in the morning? ›

3) Lovneet says that our blood sugar control is impaired if we consume coffee first thing in the morning. 4) Everyone may not have experienced this but there's a possibility that drinking coffee on an empty stomach can give you jitters, shakes, and other withdrawal effects, including mood changes.

What's the healthiest way to drink coffee? ›

Keep your cup from overflowing with empty calories with these seven ideas.
  1. Skip the drive-through. ...
  2. Limit caffeine to one or two cups per day. ...
  3. Sweeten your coffee with less sugar. ...
  4. Choose low-fat milk options. ...
  5. Switch up your cup. ...
  6. Pay attention to nutrition labels. ...
  7. Customize your order to avoid extra calories.
Dec 9, 2021

What should you avoid after drinking coffee? ›

Dairy products: Dairy products, such as milk, cream, and cheese, can interfere with the absorption of iron from coffee. Iron rich food you avoid those types of food have rich in iron. Iron-rich foods, such as leafy green vegetables, beans, and lentils, can also interfere with the absorption of iron from coffee.

Is it better to brush your teeth before or after coffee? ›

We don't want either of these things to happen, but dental experts agree that brushing BEFORE you drink coffee is better than after. If you've removed plaque buildup and your teeth are clean before you drink coffee, it's more difficult for stains to adhere to the surface of your teeth.

Does coffee on an empty stomach bloat you? ›

The answer is not a simple one. While coffee itself doesn't contain gas-causing compounds, it does stimulate the production of stomach acid. This increase in acid production can lead to digestive discomfort, including bloating and gas.

Does coffee on an empty stomach raise blood sugar? ›

Having coffee on an empty stomach may raise your blood sugar according to a handful of recent studies. The reason: It may lower insulin resistance, which means your cells can't easily take up sugar from the blood. To lessen this effect, try having coffee with your morning meal.

Can drinking coffee on an empty stomach cause gastritis? ›

The Acid Problem

When you drink coffee on an empty stomach, especially in the morning, it can lead to higher acidity levels in your stomach. This can cause a variety of digestive issues, including heartburn, indigestion, and irritation of the stomach lining (gastritis).

What are the side effects of coffee on the stomach? ›

The action of coffee on stomach acid secretion has raised the issue of a possible increase in dyspepsia (poor digestion, discomfort, nausea, heartburns, eructation, and flatulence), or esophageal burns, gastritis or ulcers, and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD).

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