Philippines (2024)

General Information

· Main climates: Tropical Wet,Tropical Wet and Dry

· Total land area: 29 817 000ha

· Internal renewable waterresources: 323 km³

· GNP per capita, 1998: PPP$ 3725

· Main food consumed: Rice,Sugar & Honey, Wheat, Roots and Tubers, Oil & Fat

· Rice supply, 1999: 149.5 kgpaddy/capita/year

Basic Statistics

Producing Zones and Cropping Seasons

The Central Luzon and Cagayan Valley are the largest riceproducing regions. The following table shows the rice-harvested areas indifferent producing zones.

The rainfall distribution in the northern and in the southernparts of the country is different. While it is the rainy season in the north, itis the dry season in the south. Consequently the rice cropping seasons aredifferent as shown in the following table

Production Practices

The following figure shows the harvested areas from differentrice ecologies during the last five years.

Rice-Rice system is widely practised in irrigated areas.Rice-Onion-Rice, Rice-Garlic-Rice, Rice-Mungbean-Rice systems are popular inIlocos Norte region, Rice-Maize, Rice-other crops systems are practised inrainfed lowland areas, especially in the southern parts of the country. TheSabog Tanim or direct seeding to dry soils at the beginning of the rainyseason is used to enable the Rice-Rice system under rainfed condition. TheDapog seedlings were first developed and used in the Laguna province.Land preparation is done either with animal traction or with smallmachinery/tractors. Transplanting is still the main method of crop establishmentin lowland rice production, but broadcasting or line-seeding of germinated seedsto wet soils have been increasingly adopted by farmers. Direct seeding is usedfor crop establishment of upland rice. Large number of high yielding varieties(HYV) have been developed and released for cultivation since 1970.

· Irrigated ricevarieties

· Rainfed lowlandvarieties

· Upland varieties

At present, IR64 is widely planted. Milagrosa a traditionaland popular lowland variety. Recently hybrid rice programme has released threeof 3-line hybrid varieties, namely PSB Rc26H (Magat) in 1994, PSB Rc72H(Mestizo) in 1997 and PSB Rc76H (Panay) for cultivation. Weedcontrol is done either manually or with herbicides. IPM is widely practised.Harvesting is still done mainly by hand but most of the threshing is done withsmall to medium size mechanical threshers. Following table shows the responsesof rice to fertilizer.

Constraints and Issues of SustainableProduction

• The typhoons,which frequently visit the country, cause flash floods.

• Rice Tungro virus, bacterialleaf blight and blast.

• Green leaf hoppers, stemborers are rice black bug

• Golden snails damage rice cropat early phases.

• About 600 000 ha have adversewater and nutrient conditions.

• About 100 000 ha are saline,10 000 ha are alkaline; 15,000 ha have peat soil; and 50 000 ha have acidsulfate soils.

  See Also

  FROM PTV NEWS: Dar: DA’s 100% rice self-sufficiency level ‘within reach’ - Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture

• Low economic return from riceproduction.

The following table shows the rice production costs.

In 1999 and 2000, the harvested area reached 4 millionhectares, indicating a substantial potential for increasing rice production byexpansion of harvested rice area. The modest improvement in rice yield duringthe last 5 years also suggests the possibility of narrowing the yield gap forproduction increase. The sustainable rice production in the country, however,requires appropriate policy, especially with regard to pricing of rice and taxincentives on investment in rice development and industry.

Research and Development Institutes

· Agricultural TrainingInstitute Eliptical Road, Diliman, Quezon City Phone: (632)-928-7397 Fax:(632)-920-9792

· Bicol Rice and Corn ExperimentStation Dept. of Agriculture, San Augustin Pili Camarines Sur

· Bohol Experimental StationGabi Ubay Bohol

· Bureau of Plant Industry 692San Andres Street Malate Manila Phone: (02) 571726 Fax: (63-2)521-7650

· Cagayan de Oro Seed TestingLaboratory Bureau of Plant Industry Cagayan de Oro City Cagayan Phone: (08822)726475

· Cebu Seed Testing LaboratoryEstancia Mandaue City Cebu Phone: 54203

· CIADP Seed Testing LaboratoryBureau of Plant Industry Iguig Cagayan

· Davao National Crop Research& Development Center Bureau of Plant Industry Bag O'Shiro, Davao CityMindanao

· Department of AgricultureEconomic Garden Seed Testing Laboratory 3720 Los Banos Laguna

· Ilagan Experiment StationIlagan Luzon

· Iloilo Seed Testing LaboratoryDepartment of Agriculture, Region No. 6 Hamungaya, Jaro Iloilo Phone: (033)70032

· International Rice ResearchInstitute; P.O. Box 933 Manila; Phone: (02) 884869 Telex: 45365 RICE PM Fax:(63-2) 817-8470 Email: [emailprotected]<mailto:[emailprotected]>

· Ipil Experiment StationMinagri Ipil Zamboanga del Sur

· La Granja National CropResearch & Development Center Bureau of Plant Industry P.O. Box 20 K-516 LaGranja, La Carlota City Negros Occ.

· Leyte Seed Testing LaboratoryBureau of Plant Industry Babatngon Leyte

· Mandaue Experiment StationBureau of Plant Industry Region 7 Mandau City Cebu

· Midsayap Seed TestingLaboratory Midsayap North Cotabato

· National Food Authority,Matimyas St., Quezon City, Philippines

· Occidental Mindoro SeedTesting Laboratory San Jose Occ. Mindoro

· Philippine Rice ResearchInsitute, Maligaya, Munoz, 3119 Nueva Ecija. Tel 63 44 4560112. Fax 63 444560112. Email: [emailprotected]

· Romualdez Experiment StationBabatngon Tacloban, Leyte Visayas

· University Central Luzon StateMunoz Nueva Ecija

· University of the Philippinesat Los Banos Institute of Plant Breeding 3720 College Laguna Phone: (094)50104