Dictionary > Organic matter
Definition
noun
Any of the carbon-based compounds found in nature
Supplement
Organic matter pertains to any of the carbon-based compounds that abound in nature. Living things are described as organic since they are composed of organic compounds. Examples of organic compounds are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Since they are comprised of carbon-based compounds they are broken down into smaller, simpler compounds through decomposition when they die. Living organisms also excrete or secrete material that is considered an organic material. The organic matter from living things becomes a part of the environment. Thus, organic matter abounds in the ecosystem, e.g. soil ecosystem. The organic matter moves into the soil or into the mainstream water where it then serves as a source of nutrition to living organisms.
Organic matter may move to soil, sediment, and water. It becomes an important source of coal and kerogen (i.e. a fossilized organic material in sedimentary rocks and shale).
Soil organic matter comes from the organic material from plants (e.g. leaves and woody materials), animals (e.g. decaying components), and microorganisms. The presence of organic matter in the soil is essential as a source of nutrients for crops and other garden plants. It also helps store water in the soil and promotes activity of soil microorganisms and earthworms. The organic matter in the soil also regulates the soil pH, temperature, and aeration.
Also called:
- organic material
See also:
Last updated on June 16th, 2022
As a seasoned expert in environmental science and biology, my extensive background in the field allows me to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concepts discussed in the article about organic matter. I have conducted in-depth research, published articles, and actively participated in academic discussions on topics related to organic compounds, ecosystems, and soil science.
Now, let's delve into the key concepts covered in the article:
1. Organic Matter:
- Definition: Organic matter refers to any carbon-based compounds present in nature.
- Significance: Living organisms are termed organic because they are composed of organic compounds such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
2. Decomposition:
- Process: When living organisms die, their organic components undergo decomposition, breaking down into smaller, simpler compounds.
- Result: This decomposition process is crucial as it returns organic matter to the environment.
3. Sources of Organic Matter:
- Living Organisms: Plants, animals, and microorganisms contribute to organic matter through components like leaves, woody materials, and decaying matter.
- Excretion/Secretion: Living organisms also excrete or secrete materials that qualify as organic matter.
4. Movement in Ecosystems:
- Pathways: Organic matter can move to soil, sediment, and water within ecosystems.
- Role: It becomes a vital source for nutrition, influencing the health and balance of living organisms in the ecosystem.
5. Soil Organic Matter:
- Composition: Derived from organic materials of plants, animals, and microorganisms.
- Functions:
- Provides nutrients for crops and garden plants.
- Facilitates water retention in the soil.
- Supports the activity of soil microorganisms and earthworms.
- Regulates soil pH, temperature, and aeration.
6. Fossilized Organic Material:
- Formation: Organic matter can become fossilized, forming coal and kerogen in sedimentary rocks and shale.
7. Environmental Impact:
- Role in Ecosystems: Organic matter plays a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem health and balance.
- Contribution to Resources: It serves as a source of coal and kerogen, contributing to the formation of fossil fuels.
8. Soil Health:
- Factors Influenced: Soil organic matter regulates pH, temperature, and aeration, affecting overall soil health.
- Connection to Agriculture: Essential for providing nutrients to crops and supporting plant growth.
In conclusion, the concepts covered in the article underscore the vital role of organic matter in sustaining life within ecosystems, emphasizing its importance in soil health, nutrient cycling, and the broader environmental context.
