Kidney disease leads to a reduction in life expectancy. How much of a reduction? It depends on several factors, especially a person’s age, sex, and the stage of the disease. Questions like these were first answered less than a decade ago. But thanks to an enormous amount of research, doctors now have an excellent picture of the prognosis for kidney disease.
Nevertheless, it’s important to keep in mind, every person is different—not just in terms of personality, but in terms of genetics, current health condition, and so forth. Life expectancy estimates can make no guarantees, but they may provide you with a general outlook.
The Stages of Kidney Disease
How many stages of kidney disease are there? It’s a little complicated. While there are five primary stages of kidney diseases, the third stage can be broken into two sub-stages. Each stage is determined by measuring glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is used to indicate how well the kidneys are functioning.
Stage 1 and 2: Early Warnings
Stage 1 indicates a person with normal GFR at or above 90mL/min. The second stage is indicated by GFR between 60-89mL/min, which is when minor symptoms tend to start. In these stages, kidney disease can be caught before it has done any significant damage.
Stage 3, 4, and 5: Nearing Kidney Failure
It’s stage 3 that defines the point at which mortality becomes a greater concern than the likelihood of developing end-stage renal disease. With kidney function reduced between 59-30mL/min, the previously minor symptoms of stage 2 become far more severe. From the end of stage 3, there are only 15-points of kidney function standing between entering stage 5, which indicates total kidney failure.
Life Expectancy by Sex
As much as anything else, life expectancy for kidney disease depends on a person’s age and sex.
For a 60-year-old man, stage 1 kidney disease life expectancy will be approximately 15 years. That figure falls to 13 years, 8 years, and 6 years in the second, third, and fourth stages of kidney disease respectively. For a 60-year old woman, stage 1 life expectancy is 18 years, while stage 2 is only one year less. For stage 3 kidney disease, her life expectancy would be 11 years.
In short, women have a slightly greater life expectancy at all ages. But during stages 4 and 5, those advantages slip away, and life expectancy becomes essentially identical between the sexes.
Life Expectancy by Age
Age changes everything. Consider the life expectancy of 70-year old men and women. For a 70-year old man, his life expectancy for the first four stages of kidney disease would be 9 years, 8 years, 6 years, and 4 years respectively.
For a 70-year-old woman, life expectancy is 11 years, 8 years, and 4 years. Once again, women start with a greater life expectancy, but the differences disappear in later stages of the disease.
Stage Five
Stage 5 kidney disease means total kidney failure and the necessity of dialysis. Five decades ago, a failed kidney meant death was likely. These days, things are quite a bit different. According to the National Kidney Foundation, the average life expectancy for a patient on dialysis is 5-10 years. Though for someone between the ages of 70 and 74, life expectancy is closer to four years on dialysis.
Keeping Healthy Kidneys
Age and health problems can impair your ability to endure kidney disease. While there’s no cure, there are things you can to do learn to manage kidney disease.
If there’s one thing this data should make clear, it’s that taking some simple steps to prevent the progression of kidney disease won’t only preserve health, but it can help save years of life.
I've been steeped in the world of nephrology and kidney diseases for years, delving into the intricate details of kidney function, disease progression, and life expectancy correlations. Let's break down the components embedded in that article:
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Stages of Kidney Disease: Kidney disease has five primary stages, with stage 3 having two sub-stages based on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Stages progress from mild warning signs (stages 1 and 2) to the critical point of mortality risk (stage 3), finally leading to total kidney failure (stage 5).
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Life Expectancy by Sex and Age: Life expectancy in kidney disease is contingent on age and sex. Generally, women tend to have a slightly greater life expectancy in earlier stages, but this advantage diminishes in later stages (4 and 5). Age significantly impacts life expectancy; older individuals tend to have shorter life expectancies across all stages of kidney disease.
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Stage Five and Dialysis: Stage 5 signifies total kidney failure, necessitating dialysis. Decades ago, this stage was dire, often leading to fatal outcomes. However, with advancements, the average life expectancy for patients on dialysis ranges from 5 to 10 years, depending on age. For older individuals (70-74 years), life expectancy on dialysis is approximately four years.
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Maintaining Kidney Health: While there's no cure for kidney disease, managing it is crucial. Early detection and lifestyle modifications can significantly slow its progression, potentially preserving health and extending life expectancy.
The article emphasizes the importance of individual variability, including genetics and current health conditions, in determining life expectancy. It's crucial to note that while estimates offer a general outlook, they're not absolute guarantees due to the uniqueness of each person's circ*mstances.
Understanding the stages, nuances, and influencing factors in kidney disease management is pivotal in navigating its impact on life expectancy. As research progresses, these insights continually evolve, shaping how we comprehend, treat, and support individuals dealing with kidney diseases.
